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Emergency hypertension, an emergency that must be treated immediately

Emergency hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure soars too high and occurs suddenly. This hypertensive emergency can cause organ damage and even death. Emergency hypertension requires immediate treatment, which is a decrease in blood pressure within minutes or hours. Hypertension emergencies often occur when hypertension is not controlled, or when hypertensive patients do not take the medicine. It could also be due to the habits of patients using over-the-counter medicines, which can worsen high blood pressure. Emergency hypertension is characterized by systolic blood pressure more than 180 mmHg and diastolic more than 120 mmHg. These surges are generally accompanied by severe damage to body organs. As for organ damage related to hypertensive emergencies include:
  • Mental changes, such as confusion.
  • Stroke.
  • Heart failure.
  • Kidney damage.
  • Chest pain (unstable angina attacks).
  • Pulmonary edema.
  • Heart attack.
  • Aneurysm.
  • Eclampsia (in pregnant women).

Symptoms of Emerging Hypertension that You Need to Know

Emergency hypertension sometimes does not cause symptoms. However, if there is already an organ damage, hypertensive emergency can cause the following symptoms:
  • Headache and blurred vision.
  • Excessive anxiety.
  • The confusion is getting worse.
  • Loss of consciousness.
  • Convulsions.
  • Chest pain, which is gaining weight.
  • Hard to breathe.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Swelling or accumulation of fluid in body tissues.
  • Weakness of limbs (arms and legs).

Management of Emergency Hypertension

Emergency hypertensive patients need to be hospitalized to receive strict medical treatment and monitoring. The doctor will examine physical conditions including blood pressure, and supporting examinations such as blood tests and urine tests, as well as other supporting examinations to evaluate the condition of patients with emergency hypertension. After the diagnosis is confirmed, the first action that must be obtained by hypertensive emergency patients is the administration of blood pressure-lowering drugs, generally given by injection or infusion, but administration of oral medication can also be added. Administration of drugs must be done as soon as possible within a period of 24-48 hours, but a decrease in blood pressure must be gradual. This is done to prevent more severe organ damage, protect organ function, prevent complications, and improve the patient's condition. If organ damage has occurred, the condition will be treated in accordance with the damage. Some types of drugs used to treat hypertensive emergencies include sodium nitroprusside, labetalol, nicardipine, fenoldopam, and clevidipine. The type of drug is adjusted to the patient's condition and the condition of organ damage experienced by the patient. It is recommended to go to the nearest hospital immediately if you experience hypertension emergency symptoms, because this condition can be fatal if not treated immediately.

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